ISO/IEC GUIDE 98-3 Supplement 1-2008 测量的不确定性.第3部分:测量不确定性的表达指南(GUM-1995).补充件1:用蒙特卡洛法配给物的传播

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【英文标准名称】:UncertaintyofmeasurementPart3:Guidetotheexpressionofuncertaintyinmeasurement(GUM:1995)Supplement1:PropagationofdistributionsusingaMonteCarlomethod
【原文标准名称】:测量的不确定性.第3部分:测量不确定性的表达指南(GUM-1995).补充件1:用蒙特卡洛法配给物的传播
【标准号】:ISO/IECGUIDE98-3Supplement1-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:ThisSupplementprovidesageneralnumericalapproach,consistentwiththebroadprinciplesoftheGUM[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.1.5],forcarryingoutthecalculationsrequiredaspartofanevaluationofmeasurementuncertainty.TheapproachappliestoarbitrarymodelshavingasingleoutputquantitywheretheinputquantitiesarecharacterizedbyanyspecifiedPDFs[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.1.4,G.5.3].AsintheGUM,thisSupplementisprimarilyconcernedwiththeexpressionofuncertaintyinthemeasurementofawell-definedphysicalquantity—themeasurand—thatcanbecharacterizedbyanessentiallyuniquevalue[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,1.2].ThisSupplementalsoprovidesguidanceinsituationswheretheconditionsfortheGUMuncertaintyframework[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.6.6]arenotfulfilled,oritisunclearwhethertheyarefulfilled.ItcanbeusedwhenitisdifficulttoapplytheGUMuncertaintyframework,becauseofthecomplexityofthemodel,forexample.Guidanceisgiveninaformsuitableforcomputerimplementation.ThisSupplementcanbeusedtoprovide(arepresentationof)thePDFfortheoutputquantityfromwhicha)anestimateoftheoutputquantity,b)thestandarduncertaintyassociatedwiththisestimate,andc)acoverageintervalforthatquantity,correspondingtoaspecifiedcoverageprobabilitycanbeobtained.Given(i)themodelrelatingtheinputquantitiesandtheoutputquantityand(ii)thePDFscharacterizingtheinputquantities,thereisauniquePDFfortheoutputquantity.Generally,thelatterPDFcannotbedeterminedanalytically.Therefore,theobjectiveoftheapproachdescribedhereistodeterminea),b),andc)abovetoaprescribednumericaltolerance,withoutmakingunquantifiedapproximations.Foraprescribedcoverageprobability,thisSupplementcanbeusedtoprovideanyrequiredcoverageinterval,includingtheprobabilisticallysymmetriccoverageintervalandtheshortestcoverageinterval.ThisSupplementappliestoinputquantitiesthatareindependent,whereeachsuchquantityisassignedanappropriatePDF,ornotindependent,i.e.whensomeorallofthesequantitiesareassignedajointPDF.TypicaloftheuncertaintyevaluationproblemstowhichthisSupplementcanbeappliedincludethoseinwhich-thecontributoryuncertaintiesarenotofapproximatelythesamemagnitude[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.2.2],-itisdifficultorinconvenienttoprovidethepartialderivativesofthemodel,asneededbythelawofpropagationofuncertainty[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,Clause5],-thePDFfortheoutputquantityisnotaGaussiandistributionorascaledandshiftedt-distribution[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.6.5],-anestimateoftheoutputquantityandtheassociatedstandarduncertaintyareapproximatelyofthesamemagnitude[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.2.1],-themodelsarearbitrarilycomplicated[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.1.5],and-thePDFsfortheinputquantitiesareasymmetric[ISO/IECGuide98-3:2008,G.5.3].AvalidationprocedureisprovidedtocheckwhethertheGUMuncertaintyframeworkisapplicable.TheGUMuncertaintyframeworkremainstheprimaryapproachtouncertaintyevaluationincircumstanceswhereitisdemonstrablyapplicable.Itisusuallysufficienttoreportmeasurementuncertaintytooneorperhapstwosignificantdecimaldigits.Guidanceisprovidedoncarryingoutthecalculationtogivereasonableassurancethatintermsoftheinformationprovidedthereporteddecimaldigitsarecorrect.Detailedexamplesillustratetheguidanceprovided.ThisdocumentisaSupplementtotheGUMandistobeusedinconjunctionwithit.OtherapproachesgenerallyconsistentwiththeGUMmayalternativelybeused.TheaudienceofthisSupplementisthatoftheGUM.
【中国标准分类号】:A50
【国际标准分类号】:17_020
【页数】:98P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语